energy levels / semiconductor technology / energy barrier / metal gate / 7Vth energy level / energy level / energy spread / energy gap / all-metal and controlled-barrier atoms / metal electrode / metal particle / maximum energy / energy separation / energy spectrum / minimum photon energy / energy / lowest energy levels / metal / energy ei/2C / calculated energy / all-metal atom / all-metal atom tunnels / energy level spectrum / electronics / /
Movie
D. V / /
NaturalFeature
Coulomb Island / Coulomb islands / /
OperatingSystem
Fermi / /
Organization
idf / Massachusetts Institute of Technology / /
Person
L. J. Geerligs / V / Boris L. Al'tshuler / B. Su / V / Patrick A. Lee / M. J. Kelly / V / Marc Kastner / Marc A. Kasfner / / /
ARTIFICIAL ATOMS The charge and energy of a sufficiently small particle of metal or semiconductor are quantized just like those of an atom. The current through such a quantum dot or one-electron transistor reveals atom-l