Languages Heriot-Watt University / Heriot-Watt University / European Information Technology Observatory / /
IndustryTerm
conventional and online channels / Internet-browsing encouraging people / retail channels / internet purchase / internet retailers / conventional and retail channel / supply chain / Internet purchases / online grocery sector / retail channel / retail forecasts / energy intensive / web-based / electricity generation / car-generated kilometres / online purchases / compared consumer travel / car trips / personal travel demand / non-food shopping / non-food items / Online retailers / on consumer travel behaviour / online and conventional shopping / upstream supply chain / overall travel / internet shopping / internet sales / non-food / online shoppers / parcel delivery carrier / Online Non-food Shopping J.B. Edwards / travel savings / car owner / travel mode / local parcel carrier depots / online purchase / online retail channel / parcel carrier / online users / online grocery delivery fleet / internet purchases encouraging consumers / online transactions / energy / online shopping / courier networks / internet transaction / /
Organization
School of Management / Heriot-Watt University / RAC Foundation / Department of Environment / Retail Logistics Task Force / Abbreviations CfIT CO2 Defra DfT FTA NAEI RHA VED Commission / Environment / Food and Rural Affairs Department for Transport Freight Transport Association National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory Road Haulage Association Vehicle Exercise Duty Acknowledgements / /
Carbon Auditing the ‘Last Mile’: Modelling the Environmental Impacts of Conventional and Online Non-food Shopping J.B. Edwards, A.C. McKinnon and S.L. Cullinane