Laurel / Sofia / Bangkok / Washington D.C. / Ha Noi / Vilnius / Riyadh / Jerusalem / Budapest / New Delhi / Bern / Ottawa / MAKKAH / Boulder / Bucharest / Paris / Tokyo / Bratislava / Minsk / Gebze Kocaeli / Espoo / Delft / Cairo / Vienna / Noordwijk / Serpong-Tangerang / Braunschweig / Buenos Aires / Rio de Janeiro / Kjeller / Frankfurt/Main / Astana / Borås / Pretoria / Ljubljana / Nairobi / Borowiec / Kötzting / Teddington / Torino / Thessaloniki / Oberpfaffenhofen / Prague / Beijing / Misuzawa / Belgrade / Kharkhov / Brussels / Chung-Li / Tsukuba / /
Company
United Kingdom NPLI National Physical Laboratory / Space Research Centre P.A.S. / Japan NMLS National Metrology Laboratory / Calibration Laboratory / Poland APL Applied Physics Laboratory / Agency for Science / Malaysia NPL National Physical Laboratory / SIRIM Berhad / Hungary MSL Measurement Standards Laboratory / Argentina INPL National Physical Laboratory / Chile TL Telecommunication Laboratories / IPE / Serbia DTAG Deutsche Telekom AG / /
Country
South Africa / Brazil / Canada / United States / /
Facility
Italy CH Federal Institute of Metrology / Indonesia KRIS Korea Research Institute of Standards / Austria BIM Bulgarian Institute of Metrology / Japan NIM National Institute of Metrology / The Indonesian Institute of Sciences / USA NTSC National Time Service Center / Egypt NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology / National Metrology Institute / Rep. of Korea KZ Kazakhstan Institute / Dutch Metrology Institute / Taiwan TP Institute of Photonics / Cagliari Astronomical Observatory / Fundamental station / Bulgaria BIRM Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology / Sweden SU Institute of Metrology / Singapore SIQ Slovenian Institute of Quality / USA VMI Vietnam Metrology Institute / Germany EIM Hellenic Institute of Metrology / the Netherlands ZA National Metrology Institute of South Africa / The Netherlands HKO Hong Kong Observatory / China NIMB National Institute of Metrology / Canada NRL U.S. Naval Research Laboratory / U.S. Naval Observatory / NMIJ National Metrology Institute of Japan / Japan NICT National Institute of Information / Japan NMLS National Metrology Laboratory of SIRIM Berhad / Slovak Institute of Metrology / Thailand NIS National Institute / Romania NIMT National Institute of Metrology / German Aerospace Centre / Argentina INXE National Institute / AOS Astrogeodynamical Observatory / P. R. China BY Belarussian State Institute of Metrology / Saudi Arabia NAO National Astronomical Observatory / /
Organization
Germany EIM Hellenic Institute of Metrology / France ORB Observatoire Royal de Belgique / Poland PTB / Marmara Research Centre / Slovenia SMD Metrology Division of the Quality / P.R. China NIMB National Institute of Metrology / Indonesia KRIS Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science / Romania NIMT National Institute of Metrology / National Metrology Institute / Belgium PL / Japan NIM National Institute of Metrology / Argentina INXE National Institute for Metrology and Technology / Indonesian Institute of Sciences / National Institute of Standards and Technology / Lintong / P.R. China JV Justervesenet / Norwegian Metrology and Accreditation Service / King Abdulah Centre for Crescent Observations and Astronomy / Hungary MSL / National Metrology Centre / P. R. China BY Belarussian State Institute of Metrology / Taiwan TP Institute of Photonics and Electronics / Kenya KIM Research Centre for Calibration / Instrumentation and Metrology / Saudi Standards / Metrology and Quality Organization / Hungarian Trade Licensing Office / Brazil OP / Slovakia SP / Singapore SIQ Slovenian Institute of Quality and Metrology / Norway KEBS Kenya Bureau of Standards / Slovak Institute of Metrology / Germany ROA Real Instituto / New Zealand MTC MAKKAH Time Centre / Rep. of Korea KZ Kazakhstan Institute / NMIJ National Metrology Institute of Japan / USA VMI Vietnam Metrology Institute / Thailand NIS National Institute for Standards / Kazakhstan LT Center for Physical Sciences and Technology / Bulgaria BIRM Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement / Austria BIM Bulgarian Institute of Metrology / Italy CH Federal Institute of Metrology / Czech Academy of Sciences / Quality and Safety Department / German Aerospace Centre / Observatoire de Paris / Sweden SU Institute of Metrology for Time and Space / USA NTSC National Time Service Center of China / Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy / Czech Republic UA National Science Center / Lithuania MIKE Center for Metrology and Accreditation / Japan NICT National Institute of Information and Communications Technology / Dutch Metrology Institute / Italy JATC Joint Atomic Time Commission / Germany DMDM Directorate of Measures and Precious Metals / Canada NRL U.S. Naval Research Laboratory / India NRC National Research Council of Canada / /
Person
Abdulah Centre / Stazione Astronomica di Cagliari / Monte de Caparica / /
25 Table 3. Acronyms and locations of the timing centres which maintain a local approximation of UTC, UTC(k), and/or an independent local time scale, TA(k) AOS