J. C. Net / Photovoltaic Systems / PV Systems / Renewable Energy / /
Continent
Europe / /
Country
United Kingdom / India / Germany / New Zealand / United States / Singapore / Greece / / /
Event
Force Majeure / Environmental Issue / /
Facility
Stanford University / Energy Research Centre / / /
IndustryTerm
energy production industry / positive net energy / energy demand / hot-carrier cells / electricity outputs / energy/solar / energy input / technology deployment / coal-fired electricity / electricity payback time / electricity-return-on-investment / cumulative electricity / annual electricity production / electrical energy inputs / electricity costs / Technology development / average energy demand / energy production systems / nascent technologies / minimum chemical exergy / overall energy sector / net electricity yield / energy inputs / technology assessment / cumulative electricity demand / energy / energy breeders / energy pay-back time / greenhouse gas emissions / electrical energy input / net energy loss / energy consumption / Gross electricity output / net energy output / energy payback times / net energy indicator / energy production device / important contribution / project starts producing energy / net energy analysis / net electricity loss / energy sector / life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions / energy analyses / energy analysis / manufacturing / life-cycle primary energy consumption / positive net electricity yield / life-cycle energy analysis / organic/polymer-based systems / net energy consumer / sunlight energy / energy technologies / production energy / electricity balance / oil-fired electricity / system manufacturing / energy industry / energy needs / term energy subsidy / negative net electricity yield / lm technologies / energy payback time / low-energy buildings / energy security / positive net energy return / cumulative energy demand / electricity system / energy return / electrical energy requirements / energy production system / durable systems / energy subsidy / greenhouse gas / net electricity producer / net electricity consumer / electricity generating technologies / lifecycle electrical energy costs / net energy sink / net electricity production / energy production / net electricity output / positive net energy contribution / positive net energy yield / wafer technologies / net energy / electrical energy equivalents / solar thermal energy conversion / electricity / energy balance / energy conservation strategies / electrical energy costs / energy storage / negative net electricity domain / net energy producer / electricity generation / cumulative electricity production / net energy production / historical electricity balance / energy conversion / individual systems / low-carbon energy sector / electrical energy / energy production industry growing / energy investment / electricity production / greater net electricity yields / energy systems / positive net electricity / net electricity / electricity subsidy / solar energy / energy system / energy output / greenhouse gas reduction / annual electricity inputs / /
NaturalFeature
Michael Dale / /
Organization
Senate / New Zealand Energy Research and Development Committee / American Chemical Society / United Nations / Stanford University / Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands ECN / Renewables Portfolio Standard Senate / /
Person
Charlie Barnhart / Mike McGehee / John Weyant / Mark Golden / Richard Sassoon / Sally M. Benson / Mark Schwarz / Roy Johnson / Steve Eglash / Dick Swanson / Adam Brandt / / /
Position
Net Electricity Producer / representative / net energy producer / AUTHOR INFORMATION Corresponding Author *Phone / /
ProvinceOrState
Connecticut / M. B. / California / New Jersey / P. N. / /
Article pubs.acs.org/est Energy Balance of the Global Photovoltaic (PV) Industry - Is the PV Industry a Net Electricity Producer? Michael Dale*,† and Sally M. Benson‡