Denver / Cincinnati / San Francisco / Seattle / Anaheim / Clemson / Rappaport / Jacksonville / Washington / DC / Kansas City / Memphis / New Orleans / Pittsburgh / Atlanta / Phoenix / Fort Worth / Nashville / Detroit / Indianapolis / Washington / Tampa / Oakland / San Diego / Chicago / St. Louis / /
Company
Dye / Ericsson / Orange Co. / Edward Jones / Coors / Atlanta St. Louis Phoenix Orange Co. / Jaguars 1995 Nashville Oakland Orange Co. / Raymond James / M&T Bank Stadium / Bank One / Safeco / /
Continent
America / /
Currency
USD / / /
Facility
The Ballpark / Fort Worth-Arlington Denver Cleveland Chicago / Turner Field / Georgia Dome / DC Football Stadium Georgia Dome / Portland State University / Memorial Stadium / #indicates stadium / The Coliseum / Edward Jones Dome / Pro Player Stadium / Bank One Ballpark / Jacobs Field / Cleveland Stadium / Alltell Stadium / Sample Metropolitan Areas MSA Baseball Team Baseball Stadium / College of Urban / Vanderbilt Stadium / Tropicana Field / Ericsson Stadium / Fort Worth-Arlington Houston Jacksonville Football Team Titans 1999* Raiders / /
IndustryTerm
league sports facilities / mainstream media / number professional sports franchises / economic development tools / retail setting / /
NaturalFeature
Great Lakes / Rocky Mountain / /
Organization
Portland State University / Federal Reserve Bank / Bureau of Economic Analysis / College of Urban and Public Affairs / Tennessee Titans / School of Urban Studies & Planning / US Federal Reserve / Carolina Panthers / National Football League / /
Person
Charlotte Los Angeles Miami / Baade / Charlotte Baltimore / Charles Santo / / /
Position
model / Major / /
ProvinceOrState
South Carolina / /
Region
New England / Southwest / /
SportsEvent
MLB / NFL / /
SportsGame
football / baseball / /
SportsLeague
Major League Baseball / MLB / NFL / National Football League / /
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SPORTS STADIUMS: RECASTING THE ANALYSIS IN CONTEXT CHARLES SANTO Portland State University ABSTRACT: Independent empirical analyses are often used to refute assertions that sports