Springer Science+Business Media LLC / Gartner / New York Times / Cox / CNN / /
Country
United States / Iraq / /
Currency
USD / / /
Event
Voting Result / Political Endorsement / /
Facility
Rolfe Hall / University of California / Harvard University / /
Holiday
Assumption in U.S. / /
IndustryTerm
media actors / news media / media outlet labels / media organization / news media outlets / media elites / web text versions / media outlets / conservative media outlet / media exposure experiment / pre-existing belief systems / partisan web sites / static web text report / media sources / media coverage / static web pages / online experiment / /
NaturalFeature
Fox News Channel / /
Organization
Congress / Department of Communication Studies / Harvard University / John F. Kennedy School of Government / Bush Administration / University of California / Los Angeles / /
Person
Conservative / Bill Clinton / George W. Bush / Charles Grassley / Matthew A. Baum / Tim Groeling / Herb Kohl / Ned Lamont / Joseph Lieberman / Partisan Credibility Approval / /
PoliticalEvent
Democratic primary election / primaries / the primary / /
Position
president / speaker / Republican president / Messenger / /
FIGURE 1. Probability of Disapproving of President Bush’s Handling of National Security, as Message Source and Valence Vary